环境工程原理(24-25上学期)
Course category环境学院(环境研究院)
环境工程原理是一门环境学科的基础课程,主要研究工业及生活排污治理技术中各单元过程的基本原理、典型设备的构造与操作原理,以及各单元过程的设计计算,需要高等数学、物理学及物理化学等课程的基础知识。
环境工程原理的主要任务是研究单元操作过程的基本原理、基本理论和应用。
① 能正确理解单元操作的基本原理,了解典型没备的构造、性能和操作方法,根据各单元操作在技术和经济上的特点进行“过程和没备”的选择,以经济有效地满足特定生产过程的要求。
② 熟悉各单元操作过程及设备的计算方法,能正确使用各种常用的工程计算图表、工具书和资料。
③ 掌握各个单元操作的基本规律,并正确运用于环境工程中。
④ 能根据生产的不同要求进行操作和调整,对操作中发生的故障,能够作出正确的判断。有选择适宜操作条件、探索强化过程的途径和提高设备效能的初步能力。有用工程观念分析解决单元操作中的一般问题的能力。
⑤ 了解环境工程学中所用单元操作的新发展、新技术、新工艺及相关学科的新发展。
环境工程原理不仅广泛应用于环境治理工程中,而且还广泛应用于化工、冶金、电子、医药、轻工、航空等行业和部门,其内容是从上述行业当中许多具体的生产过程中抽象概括出来的。目的是应用这些一般性的基本原理、基本概念和知识,针对不同场合和不同生产对象具体解决某个特定的实际过程所涉及的单元操作、流程、设备的选择。这些问题具有很强的工程性。
(1)过程影响因素多,对于每一个单元操作其影响因素可分为以下三类。
① 物性因素 同一类分离设备可用于不同的物系,物料的物理性质和化学性质必然对过程发生影响。
② 操作因素 设备的各种操作条件,如温度、压力、流量、流速、物料组成等,在工业实际过程中,它们经常发生变化并影响过程的结果。
③ 结构因素 设备内部与物料接触的各种构件的形状、尺寸和相对位置等因素,它们影响并改变物料的流动状态,直接或间接地影响过程的结果。
(2) 过程制约条件多,在工业上要实现一个具体的生产过程,客观上存在许多制约条件,如原料的来源、设备的结构、材料的质量和规格等。同时没备在流程中的位置也制约了设备的进出口条件。
(3) 安全因素要考虑生产过程是否安全,设备安装、维修是否方便等也对过程提出要求。
(4) 效益是评价工程合理性的最终判据,进行工业过程的目的是为了最大限度地取得经济效益和社会效益,这是合理地组织一个工业过程的出发点,也是评价过程是否成功的标志
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