Unit 3-知识点一：ASSURE模式

1 ． The ASSURE Model

    All effective instruction requires careful planning. Teaching with instructional media and technology is certainly no exception.

    The ASSURE model is a useful planning model, it guides us how to choose and use media and technology in an instruction. “ASSURE”here contains two meanings: first, you can expend the ASSURE from a word to six sentences; and second, it intends to assure effective instruction.

A: Analyze learners （ 分析学习者）

    The first step in planning is to identify the learners. You must know your students best to select the best medium to meet the instructional objectives. In this part, we usually describe the learners from three aspects: (1) general characteristics 一般特征 , (2) specific entry competencies 入门能力（知识、技能和态度等） , (3) learning style of different learners 学习风格 .

S: State objectives （陈述教学目标）

    In ASSURE model, you had better state objectives as specifically as possible. They should be stated in terms of what the learner will be able to do as a result of instruction. The condition under which the student or trainee is going to perform and the degree of acceptable performance should be included. 尽可能明确地陈述教学目标，作为教学结果，教学目标指学生能做什么，指在什么样的条件下在何种程度上学习者取得特定的学习成果。

S: Select methods, media, and materials （选择教学方法、媒体和资料）

    Once you have identified your audience and stated your objectives, you have established the beginning points and ending points. Your task now is to build a bridge between these two points by choosing appropriate methods, technology, and media formats, then deciding on materials to implement these choices. There are three options: (1) select available materials; (2) modify existing materials; (3) design new materials. 一旦确定了学习者和教学目标，就明确了教学的起点（学习者当前的知识、技能和态度）和终点（教学目标），教学设计的任务就是在起点和终点之间搭桥，也就是选择合适的教学方法、教学技术、媒体以及教学材料。

U: Utilize media and materials （使用媒体和资料）

    In this step, you must plan how the media, materials and technology will be used to implement your methods. First, preview the materials and practice the implementation; next, prepare the class and ready the necessary equipment and facilities; then conduct the instruction using the utilization techniques described in this and later chapters. 首先，浏览教学材料，演练一下整个教学过程；其次，准备好设备、设施和教室环境；最后，参照本章和后面章节介绍的技巧，实施教学过程。

R: Require learner participation （要求学习者参与）

    To be effective, instruction should require active mental engagement by learners. There should be activities that allow learners to practice the knowledge or skills and to receive feedback on the appropriateness of their efforts before being formally assessed. 教学过程中，应该安排不同类型的教学活动，让学生有机会练习他们习得的知识和技能；教学活动过程中要提供反馈信息，让学生了解自己努力的成效。

E: Evaluate and revise （评价与修正）

    After instruction, it is necessary to evaluate its impact and effectiveness and to assess student learning. 设计目标和实施结果之间如果存在差距，则需要在下一轮教学中修正。

    The ASSURE model —— a procedural guide for planning and conducting instruction that incorporates media and technology—assumes that training or instruction is require.A full-blown process of instructional development would begin with a needs assessment to determine whether instruction is the appropriate solution to a performance problem.